Meandering is curving of rivers. How do rivers meander?

This article was originally posted at Amazing Zoology. View original article at http://amzoo.in/-wos5

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Anatomy reveals, how giraffes keep their long neck high, without using muscles!

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Giraffe’s neck consists of seven vertebrae like any other mammals. Only difference is that, all individual vertebrae are elongated, usually more than ten inches in length.  Moreover, a normal giraffes neck is almost 6-foot long and weighs around 270 kg. [1] Anyone with basic knowledge in zoology wonders how an animal like giraffe can hold such a heavy neck, always high above the ground! The secret lies in its anatomy. A giraffe’s neck contains huge amounts of muscle. Obviously it needs that. But that is not holding its neck so high. It is a band of elastic tissue, a ligament that runs from top of the neck to start of tail vertebrae. Actually the ligament band is normally holding its neck high by just pulling its neck against the weight of head and neck. The weight of its head is acting downward and the ligament is holding it upward. So the natural position for giraffe’s head is almost 55˚ from horizontal level. It is using its muscles to lower its head ...
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